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	{{Short description\|Prophet of Islam and leader of the early Muslim community}}		{{Short description\|Prophet of Islam and leader of the early Muslim community}}

	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Muhammad		\| name = Muhammad
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	\| title = Prophet of Islam		\| title = Prophet of Islam
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	'''Muhammad''' (Arabic: محمد; c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and community leader and the [[prophet]] of [[Islam]]. Muslims regard him as the final prophet and messenger of God. The revelations he conveyed form the [[Quran]], the central religious text of Islam, while accounts of his words and actions became an important source of guidance in Muslim life.<ref name="oxford">[https://academic.oup.com/reference/62361/reference-article-abstract/554568841 "Muhammad"]. Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies, Oxford University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>		'''Muhammad''' (Arabic: محمد; c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and community leader and the [[prophet]] of [[Islam]]. Muslims regard him as the final prophet and messenger of God. The revelations he conveyed form the [[Quran]], the central religious text of Islam, while accounts of his words and actions became an important source of guidance in Muslim life.<ref name="oxford">[https://academic.oup.com/reference/62361/reference-article-abstract/554568841 "Muhammad"]. Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies, Oxford University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

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	\| organization =		\| organization =
	\| title = Prophet of Islam		\| title = Prophet of Islam
	~~\| website =~~
	}}		}}

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	\| caption = Arabic calligraphy of the name Muhammad		\| caption = Arabic calligraphy of the name Muhammad
	\| birth_name =		\| birth_name =
	\| ~~born~~ = c. 570 CE		\| birth_date = c. 570 CE
	\| ~~birth_date~~ =		\| birth_date_iso =
	\| birth_place = [[Mecca]], Hejaz, Arabia		\| birth_place = [[Mecca]], Hejaz, Arabia
	\| ~~died~~ = 8 June 632 CE		\| death_date = 8 June 632 CE
	\| ~~death_date~~ = 0632-06-08		\| death_date_iso = 0632-06-08
	\| death_place = [[Medina]], Arabia		\| death_place = [[Medina]], Arabia
	\| nationality =		\| nationality =

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	\| title = Prophet of Islam		\| title = Prophet of Islam
	\| website =		\| website =
	~~\| wikidata = Q9458~~
	}}		}}

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	{{Infobox person		{{Infobox person
	\| name = Muhammad		\| name = Muhammad
	\| image =		\| image = Muhammad Masjid an-Nabawi Calligraphy.png
	\| image_alt =		\| image_alt = Arabic calligraphy of the name Muhammad
	\| caption =		\| caption = Arabic calligraphy of the name Muhammad
	\| birth_name =		\| birth_name =
	\| born = c. 570 CE		\| born = c. 570 CE

WikiPartner: Created Muhammad

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Created Muhammad

New page

{{Short description|Prophet of Islam and leader of the early Muslim community}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Muhammad
| image =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| born = c. 570 CE
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], Hejaz, Arabia
| died = 8 June 632 CE
| death_date = 0632-06-08
| death_place = [[Medina]], Arabia
| nationality =
| occupation = Religious and community leader
| years_active = c. 610–632 CE
| known_for = Prophet of Islam and leadership of the early Muslim community
| organization =
| title = Prophet of Islam
| website =
| wikidata = Q9458
}}

'''Muhammad''' (Arabic: محمد; c. 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and community leader and the [[prophet]] of [[Islam]]. Muslims regard him as the final prophet and messenger of God. The revelations he conveyed form the [[Quran]], the central religious text of Islam, while accounts of his words and actions became an important source of guidance in Muslim life.<ref name="oxford">[https://academic.oup.com/reference/62361/reference-article-abstract/554568841 "Muhammad"]. Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies, Oxford University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

Muhammad was born in [[Mecca]] in western Arabia around 570 CE. His prophetic mission began around 610 and continued until his death in [[Medina]] in 632. During this period, a Muslim community developed first in Mecca and later in Medina.<ref name="met">[https://www.metmuseum.org/ja/essays/the-birth-of-islam "The Birth of Islam"]. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

== Early life ==

Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 CE into the Quraysh tribe. His father died before his birth, and he lost his mother while still a child. He was raised by members of his family and later worked in trade.<ref name="cambridge-chronology">[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/standard-arabic/rise-of-islam/0BDFB555E8BD85845FF1A9BBB2DFB386 "The rise of Islam"]. Cambridge University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

Around 595, Muhammad married [[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]], who became his first wife and an important supporter during the beginning of his prophetic mission.<ref name="cambridge-chronology" />

== First revelations ==

According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad received his first revelation around 610 while spending time in reflection near Mecca. Muslims believe that the angel Gabriel conveyed God's revelation to him.<ref name="met" />

These revelations continued during the remainder of Muhammad's life. They were delivered first in Mecca and later in Medina and form the basis of the Quran.<ref name="cambridge-message">[https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-companion-to-muhammad/muhammads-message-in-mecca-warnings-signs-and-miracles/8564D80B2BADB6298E05F6FBAF8D4E87 "Muhammad's message in Mecca: warnings, signs, and miracles"]. ''The Cambridge Companion to Muhammad''. Cambridge University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

Muhammad's message emphasized worship of one God, moral responsibility, faith, and accountability before God. His teachings attracted a growing group of followers in Mecca.<ref name="met" />

== Migration to Medina ==

In 622, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to the settlement of Yathrib, which became known as Medina. This migration is known as the '''Hijra'''.<ref name="met" />

The Hijra became a major event in Islamic history and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.<ref name="cambridge-community">[https://www.cambridge.org/highereducation/books/the-formation-of-islam/0C58C7DC69FC4FFE20933C00B54D839F/the-origins-of-the-muslim-community/86DD5D5461286D6EA3B6EB4B9A120B5E "The origins of the Muslim community"]. Cambridge University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

== Muslim community in Medina ==

In Medina, Muhammad became the leader of a growing Muslim community. He served as a religious teacher and community leader while establishing relationships and arrangements among groups living in the city.

A document commonly known as the '''Constitution of Medina''' records agreements associated with the community following Muhammad's migration to Medina.<ref name="constitution">[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/constitution-of-medina-a-sociolegal-interpretation-of-muhammads-acts-of-foundation-of-the-umma/7F73A56B318684F1098CE75F7219809E "The Constitution of Medina: A Sociolegal Interpretation of Muhammad's Acts of Foundation of the Umma"]. Cambridge University Press. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

The revelations received during the Medinan period addressed religious life as well as questions concerning family, community, worship, ethics, and social responsibility.

== Return to Mecca ==

Muhammad returned to Mecca in 630. The [[Kaaba]], which had long been an important sanctuary in Mecca, became the central sanctuary of Islamic worship.<ref name="met" />

In the years that followed, Islam became established across much of Arabia, with Medina continuing to serve as the center of Muhammad's community.

== Farewell pilgrimage and death ==

In 632, Muhammad made a pilgrimage to Mecca that became known in Islamic tradition as the '''Farewell Pilgrimage'''.<ref name="cambridge-chronology" />

He later returned to Medina, where he died on 8 June 632 CE.<ref name="cambridge-chronology" />

Muhammad was buried in Medina. The site later became part of [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi|the Prophet's Mosque]], one of the most important religious sites in Islam.

== Teachings ==

A central part of Muhammad's message was belief in one God. The Quranic revelations communicated through him also emphasized prayer, charity, moral responsibility, justice, compassion, and accountability before God.<ref name="met" />

Muslims regard Muhammad's life and conduct as an important model for religious and personal life. Reports concerning his sayings and actions were preserved in collections of [[hadith]], while the example of his practice is commonly known as the [[Sunnah]].<ref name="oxford" />

His teachings helped shape the religious practices and community life of early Muslims.

== Legacy ==

Muhammad is the central human figure in Islam and is regarded by Muslims as the final prophet in a line of prophets that includes figures such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.

His life is studied through the '''sira''', or biographical tradition, as well as through the Quran, hadith literature, and historical scholarship. One of the major early biographies is associated with Ibn Ishaq and survives through later transmission.<ref name="loc">[https://www.loc.gov/item/55012845/ "The Life of Muhammad"]. Library of Congress. Accessed 31 August 2026.</ref>

Muhammad's religious teachings and leadership had a lasting influence on the religious, ethical, legal, intellectual, artistic, and cultural traditions of Muslim societies.

Muslims around the world continue to study his teachings and life and commonly send blessings upon him when his name is mentioned.

== See also ==

* [[Islam]]
* [[Quran]]
* [[Mecca]]
* [[Medina]]
* [[Hijra]]
* [[Kaaba]]
* [[Hadith]]
* [[Sunnah]]

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==

* [https://www.metmuseum.org/ja/essays/the-birth-of-islam The Birth of Islam] — Metropolitan Museum of Art
* [https://academic.oup.com/reference/62361/reference-article-abstract/554568841 Muhammad] — Oxford Academic
* [https://www.loc.gov/item/55012845/ The Life of Muhammad] — Library of Congress

[[Category:Prophets of Islam]]
[[Category:Religious leaders]]
[[Category:People from Mecca]]
[[Category:7th-century people]]
[[Category:Islam]]

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