HumptyDumpty: Creating Draft:Brazil

2026-09-25T19:15:42Z

Creating Draft:Brazil

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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Federative Republic of Brazil
| common_name = Brazil
| native_name = República Federativa do Brasil
| image_flag = Flag of Brazil.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Brazil.svg
| national_motto = ''Ordem e Progresso'' ("Order and Progress")<ref name="flag">{{Cite web |title=Bandeira Nacional |url=https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/conheca-a-presidencia/biblioteca-da-pr/simbolos-nacionais/bandeira/bandeira-nacional |website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| national_anthem = ''Hino Nacional Brasileiro''<ref name="symbols">{{Cite web |title=Lei nº 5.700, de 1º de setembro de 1971 |url=https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l5700compilado.htm |website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| capital = [[Brasília]]
| largest_city = [[São Paulo]]
| official_languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]<ref name="constitution">{{Cite web |title=Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil |url=https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm |website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| demonym = Brazilian
| government_type = Federal presidential constitutional republic
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_name1 = [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]<ref name="ibgebrazil">{{Cite web |title=Brasil |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/cidades-e-estados/mg/ibitiura-de-minas-mg.html |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = [[Geraldo Alckmin]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda de Presidente da República para 28/07/2026 |url=https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/agenda-do-presidente-da-republica-lula/agenda-do-presidente-da-republica/2026-07-28 |website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil |date=28 July 2026 |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| legislature = [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]]
| upper_house = [[Federal Senate of Brazil|Federal Senate]]
| lower_house = [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]]
| sovereignty_type = Independence
| established_event1 = Declared from Portugal
| established_date1 = 7 September 1822<ref name="independence">{{Cite web |title=1822 — Independência do Brasil |url=https://bndigital.bn.gov.br/dossies/gramaticas-e-dicionarios-do-portugues/linha-do-tempo/sobre-as-efemerides/1822-independencia-do-brasil/ |website=National Library of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| established_event2 = Federal republic proclaimed
| established_date2 = 15 November 1889<ref name="republic">{{Cite web |title=Decreto nº 1, de 15 de novembro de 1889 |url=https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/1851-1899/d0001.htm |website=Presidency of the Republic of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| established_event3 = Current constitution
| established_date3 = 5 October 1988<ref name="constitution1988">{{Cite web |title=Constituição Federal |url=https://www25.senado.leg.br/en/web/atividade/legislacao/constituicao-federal |website=Federal Senate of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| area_km2 = 8,509,360.850<ref name="area">{{Cite web |title=Áreas Territoriais |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/organizacao-do-territorio/estrutura-territorial/2225-np-areas-dos-municipios/15761-areas-dos-municipios.html?c=2304400&t=acesso-ao-produto |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| population_estimate = 214,211,951<ref name="population">{{Cite web |title=IBGE Portal |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas-socioeconomicas/populacao |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| population_estimate_year = 2026
| population_census = 203,080,756<ref name="ibgebrazil" />
| population_census_year = 2022
| population_density_km2 = 23.86
| GDP_nominal = US$2.28 trillion<ref name="worldbankdata">{{Cite web |title=Brazil |url=https://data.worldbank.org/country/brazil |website=World Bank |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>
| GDP_nominal_year = 2025
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = US$10,713.3<ref name="worldbankdata" />
| currency = [[Brazilian real]]
| currency_code = BRL
| time_zone = BRT and other Brazilian time zones
| utc_offset = −2 to −5
| drives_on = right
| calling_code = +55
| cctld = .br
| website = https://www.gov.br/
}}

'''Brazil''', officially the '''Federative Republic of Brazil''' (Portuguese: ''República Federativa do Brasil''), is a country in [[South America]]. It occupies much of the continent's eastern and central areas and has an extensive coastline on the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. Brazil shares land borders with every sovereign South American country except [[Chile]] and [[Ecuador]].<ref name="territory">{{Cite web |title=Characterization of Brazil's territory |url=https://www.gov.br/mcti/pt-br/acompanhe-o-mcti/sirene/publicacoes/relatorios-bienais-de-transparencia-btrs/BRA_BTR1_2024_ENG.pdf |website=Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> With a territorial area of about 8.51 million square kilometres, it is the largest country in South America and one of the largest countries in the world.<ref name="area" />

[[Brasília]] is the national capital, while [[São Paulo]] is the country's largest city and an important economic centre. Other major urban centres include [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]], [[Fortaleza]], [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Manaus]], [[Curitiba]], [[Recife]] and [[Porto Alegre]]. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics estimated the population at 214,211,951 on 1 July 2026.<ref name="population" />

Brazil is a federal presidential republic formed by 26 states, the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]] and municipalities. Its current constitutional order is based on the Constitution promulgated on 5 October 1988.<ref name="constitution1988" /> Portuguese is the official language of the federation.<ref name="constitution" />

The country has one of the world's most biologically diverse environments. Its territory contains the [[Amazon rainforest]], [[Cerrado]], [[Atlantic Forest]], [[Caatinga]], [[Pantanal]] and [[Pampa]] biomes, as well as a large coastal and marine system.<ref name="biodiversity">{{Cite web |title=Biodiversidade e Biomas |url=https://www.gov.br/mma/pt-br/assuntos/biodiversidade-e-biomas/biodiversidade |website=Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> Brazil is also a major producer and exporter of agricultural products, minerals, petroleum and manufactured goods and has a large services sector.<ref name="wto">{{Cite web |title=Brazil – Member profile |url=https://ttd.wto.org/en/profiles/brazil |website=World Trade Organization |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Brazilian society developed through interaction among [[Indigenous peoples of Brazil|Indigenous peoples]], European settlers, Africans brought through the Atlantic slave trade and later immigrants from many parts of the world. This history has contributed to considerable regional, linguistic, religious and cultural diversity.

== Name ==

The country's Portuguese name is ''Brasil''. The official constitutional name is ''República Federativa do Brasil'', translated as the Federative Republic of Brazil.<ref name="constitution" />

The word ''Brasil'' is historically associated with [[brazilwood]], a reddish tropical hardwood that became an important export during the early period of Portuguese colonization. The country's spelling in Portuguese eventually became ''Brasil'', while ''Brazil'' became the standard English form.

== History ==

=== Indigenous societies and European arrival ===

The territory that now forms Brazil was inhabited by numerous Indigenous peoples long before European colonization. These communities represented many languages, social systems and ways of life and occupied environments ranging from the Amazon basin to the Atlantic coast and the southern grasslands.

Portuguese expansion into the region began in 1500. Early colonial economic activity included the extraction of brazilwood, followed by the development of plantation agriculture, especially sugar production. Over time, Portugal established settlements, administrative institutions and territorial claims across a much larger part of South America.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidente da República – Brazil: 500 Years |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/biblioteca/visualizacao/periodicos/2/bn_2006_v14.pdf |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Colonial Brazil relied extensively on enslaved labour. Large numbers of Africans were forcibly transported to Brazil over several centuries, making slavery central to plantation production, mining and many other areas of economic and social life. Indigenous communities were also displaced, subjected to violence and affected by disease, enslavement and territorial expansion.

During the colonial period, economic activity shifted through several important phases. Sugar was particularly significant in the northeast, while gold and other minerals increased the importance of the interior, especially [[Minas Gerais]], during the eighteenth century.

=== Independence and the Empire ===

Political separation from Portugal developed through a series of events rather than a single act. The date traditionally recognized as Brazil's independence is 7 September 1822, when Prince Pedro declared the country's separation from Portugal near the Ipiranga River in São Paulo.<ref name="independence" /> Independence was subsequently consolidated in different provinces over 1822 and 1823, with armed conflict occurring in several regions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apontamentos sobre a independência do Brasil na Bahia |url=https://www.gov.br/arquivonacional/pt-br/sites_eventos/sites-tematicos-1/brasil-oitocentista/especial-bicentenario-da-independencia/apontamentos-sobre-a-independencia-do-brasil-na-bahia |website=National Archives of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Pedro became Emperor [[Pedro I of Brazil|Pedro I]], and Brazil was organized as a constitutional monarchy. The country's first constitution was issued in 1824.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constituição para o Império do Brasil |url=https://www.gov.br/arquivonacional/pt-br/sites_eventos/sites-tematicos-1/brasil-oitocentista/documentos/constituicao-para-o-imperio-do-brasil |website=National Archives of Brazil |date=3 April 2024 |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> After Pedro I abdicated in 1831, a regency governed until his son, [[Pedro II of Brazil|Pedro II]], assumed full imperial authority.

The nineteenth century brought territorial consolidation, growth in coffee production, urban development and increasing immigration. Slavery, however, continued to shape the country's economy and social structure for most of the century. It was formally abolished on 13 May 1888 by Law No. 3,353, commonly known as the [[Golden Law]].<ref name="abolition">{{Cite web |title=Lei nº 3.353 de 13/05/1888 |url=https://legis.senado.leg.br/norma/545155 |website=Federal Senate of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

=== Republic and twentieth century ===

The monarchy ended on 15 November 1889, when a republican government was proclaimed. Decree No. 1 established a federal republic and transformed the former imperial provinces into federal states.<ref name="republic" />

Brazil experienced several different constitutional and political periods during the twentieth century. [[Getúlio Vargas]] became one of the era's most influential political figures, governing during periods that included both provisional and constitutional rule and the authoritarian [[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]].

A military-led government took power in 1964. The regime restricted political participation and civil liberties and governed through a series of institutional acts. The AI-5 decree of 1968 gave the government extensive powers, enabled the closure of Congress and intensified censorship and political repression.<ref name="military">{{Cite web |title=Breve história das constituições: o caminho percorrido pelo Brasil até 1988 |url=https://www.gov.br/pt-br/constituicao-30-anos/textos/breve-historia-das-constituicoes-o-caminho-percorrido-pelo-brasil-ate-1988 |website=Government of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Political liberalization developed gradually, and civilian government returned in 1985. A constituent assembly drafted a new constitution, which was promulgated on 5 October 1988. The constitution expanded civil and political rights and established the legal framework of Brazil's present democratic system.<ref name="constitution1988" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Senate in the New Republic |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/institucional/carta-de-servicos/en/history/New-Republic |website=Federal Senate of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

=== Contemporary period ===

Since the restoration of civilian government, Brazil has held regular national, state and municipal elections under the 1988 Constitution. The period has included economic reforms, expansion of social programmes, changes in party coalitions, periods of rapid economic growth and recession, major corruption investigations, presidential impeachments and continuing debates over inequality, public security, fiscal policy, environmental protection and institutional reform.

[[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] has served as president since January 2023 following earlier presidential terms from 2003 to 2010. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics lists him as the country's president.<ref name="ibgebrazil" />

== Geography ==

Brazil covers approximately 8.51 million square kilometres.<ref name="area" /> It stretches across a large portion of South America and has an Atlantic coastline of thousands of kilometres. The country borders [[Uruguay]], [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]], [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]] and [[French Guiana]]. Chile and Ecuador are the only sovereign South American states that do not share a border with Brazil.<ref name="territory" />

The landscape is varied. Northern Brazil includes extensive lowlands associated with the [[Amazon Basin]], while large plateaus and highlands occupy much of the central, eastern and southeastern parts of the country. Wetlands, savannas, semi-arid landscapes, coastal plains and southern grasslands add to its geographic diversity.

The [[Amazon River]] and its tributaries form the country's largest river system. Brazil also contains important parts of the Paraná, São Francisco, Tocantins-Araguaia and other river basins. These river systems support ecosystems, settlements, agriculture, transport and large-scale hydroelectric generation.

=== Climate ===

Because of Brazil's size and latitude, climatic conditions vary considerably. Much of the country has tropical or equatorial conditions, while subtropical climates occur in the south and cooler conditions occur at higher elevations.

The Amazon region is generally warm and humid and receives substantial rainfall. The semi-arid interior of the northeast is much drier. Central Brazil has pronounced wet and dry seasons, while the south experiences greater seasonal temperature variation.

=== Biodiversity and environment ===

Brazil's Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change identifies six major terrestrial biomes: the Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal and Pampa.<ref name="biodiversity" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Biomas e Sistema Costeiro-Marinho |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/informacoes-ambientais/vegetacao/15842-biomas.html |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

The ministry describes Brazil as the country with the world's greatest biodiversity and reports more than 124,000 known animal species, more than 44,000 plant species and more than 8,000 known fungal species.<ref name="biodiversity" /> The Amazon rainforest is the country's largest biome, while the Pantanal is an extensive wetland system and the Cerrado consists largely of savanna and woodland environments.

Brazil faces significant environmental pressures, including deforestation, habitat fragmentation, illegal mining, wildfires, pollution, land-use change and climate-related risks. Conservation policy includes protected areas, environmental licensing, Indigenous territories and programmes intended to monitor changes in forest cover and other ecosystems.

== Administrative divisions ==

Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states and the [[Federal District (Brazil)|Federal District]]. These are commonly grouped by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics into five major regions:

* [[North Region, Brazil|North]]
* [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeast]]
* [[Central-West Region, Brazil|Central-West]]
* [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
* [[South Region, Brazil|South]]

Below the state level, the country is divided into municipalities. The federal capital, Brasília, is located within the Federal District.

== Government and politics ==

Brazil is a federal presidential constitutional republic. Article 1 of the Constitution defines the Federative Republic of Brazil as an indissoluble union of the states, municipalities and Federal District and establishes it as a democratic state governed by the rule of law.<ref name="constitution" />

The federal government is divided into executive, legislative and judicial branches. The president serves as both head of state and head of the federal executive.

Legislative authority at the federal level is exercised by the bicameral [[National Congress of Brazil|National Congress]]. The [[Chamber of Deputies of Brazil|Chamber of Deputies]] has 513 members, with seats distributed among the states and Federal District according to population within constitutionally defined limits.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputados |url=https://www2.camara.leg.br/transparencia/acesso-a-informacao/copy_of_perguntas-frequentes/deputados |website=Chamber of Deputies of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> The [[Federal Senate of Brazil|Federal Senate]] has 81 senators, three from each state and three from the Federal District, each serving an eight-year term.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finalidade e competências legais |url=https://www12.senado.leg.br/institucional/carta-de-servicos/finalidade-e-competencias-legais |website=Federal Senate of Brazil |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

The federal judiciary includes the [[Supreme Federal Court]], which has a central role in constitutional adjudication, along with other federal courts established under the constitutional system.

Voting is conducted through direct elections. The Constitution provides universal suffrage and secret ballots and sets rules governing mandatory and optional voting according to age and other legal conditions.<ref name="constitution" />

== Foreign relations ==

Brazil's geographic size, population and economy give it an important role in South American and wider international affairs. It maintains diplomatic relations across the world and participates in multilateral institutions including the [[United Nations]], [[World Trade Organization]], [[Organization of American States]], [[Mercosur]], [[BRICS]] and the [[Group of Twenty]].

Brazil has traditionally emphasized multilateral diplomacy, regional cooperation and peaceful settlement of international disputes. Its foreign relations also involve trade, environmental policy, energy, food security, development cooperation and governance of the Amazon region.

== Economy ==

Brazil has a large and diversified economy that combines services, manufacturing, agriculture, mining and energy production. World Bank data place nominal gross domestic product at about US$2.28 trillion in 2025, with nominal GDP per person of about US$10,713.<ref name="worldbankdata" />

The services sector accounts for a large share of domestic activity and employment. Major industrial activities include food processing, automobiles, machinery, chemicals, steel, aircraft, petroleum refining and consumer goods.

Agriculture is internationally significant. Brazil is a major producer of soybeans, coffee, sugarcane, maize, beef, poultry and other commodities. Mineral and energy resources are also important. World Trade Organization trade data list crude petroleum, soybeans, iron ore, coffee, beef, sugar, petroleum products, wood pulp and maize among the country's major merchandise exports.<ref name="wto" />

The country has substantial hydroelectric generation capacity and is also a major producer of petroleum and biofuels. Offshore oil fields, particularly pre-salt deposits, have become important to the energy sector.

Brazil's economy has experienced periods of rapid expansion as well as inflation, debt pressures and recession. The International Monetary Fund reported that economic activity remained resilient through recent global shocks and projected a recovery in growth during 2026 after a slowdown in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IMF Staff Completes 2026 Article IV Visit to Brazil |url=https://www.imf.org/en/news/articles/2026/06/01/pr26179-brazil-imf-staff-completes-2026-article-iv |website=International Monetary Fund |date=1 June 2026 |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Regional inequality, income distribution, productivity, public debt, infrastructure and access to education and health remain important economic and social policy issues.

== Demographics ==

The 2022 census counted 203,080,756 residents, while the official population estimate for 1 July 2026 was 214,211,951.<ref name="ibgebrazil" /><ref name="population" /> Most Brazilians live in urban areas. Census data recorded about 177.5 million urban residents and about 25.6 million rural residents in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panorama do Censo Demográfico 2022 |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/panorama/downloads.html |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Population is concentrated especially along and near the Atlantic coast and in the southeast, although major cities are found throughout the country. São Paulo is the largest metropolitan and economic centre, while Rio de Janeiro remains one of the country's best-known cultural and commercial centres.

=== Ethnic and racial composition ===

Brazil has a highly diverse population shaped by Indigenous ancestry, European colonization, the forced migration of Africans through slavery and later immigration from Europe, the Middle East, Asia and other regions.

The Brazilian census records colour or race through self-identification. In the 2022 census, 45.3% of residents identified as ''parda'' (a census category generally referring to mixed or brown identity), 43.5% as white, 10.2% as black, 0.8% as Indigenous under the broader Indigenous population count, and 0.4% as Asian or ''amarela'', though totals vary slightly depending on the specific census methodology applied to Indigenous identification.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Censo Demográfico 2022: Identificação étnico-racial da população |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/biblioteca/visualizacao/periodicos/3105/cd_2022_etnico_racial.pdf |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=O Brasil Indígena |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/brasil-indigena/ |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

The 2022 census counted approximately 1.69 million Indigenous people using its broader Indigenous-identification methodology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=O Brasil Indígena |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/brasil-indigena/ |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> Indigenous peoples in Brazil comprise numerous distinct ethnic groups and languages.

=== Language ===

Portuguese is the official language of Brazil under Article 13 of the Constitution.<ref name="constitution" /> Brazilian Portuguese has developed distinct pronunciation, vocabulary and usage compared with European Portuguese and varies regionally within the country.

Numerous Indigenous languages continue to be spoken. Immigration has also produced communities using languages such as German, Italian, Japanese and other languages, although Portuguese is dominant in public administration, education and national media.

=== Religion ===

Brazil has no official state religion and the Constitution protects freedom of belief and religious practice. Christianity remains the largest religious tradition.

Preliminary religion results from the 2022 census reported that 56.7% of people aged 10 or older identified as Roman Catholic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Censo 2022: número de católicos no Brasil em queda |url=https://educa.ibge.gov.br/jovens/materias-especiais/22703-censo-2022-numero-de-catolicos-no-brasil-em-queda.html |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |date=8 July 2025 |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> Evangelical and other Protestant communities form another major part of the population, while Brazil also has Spiritist, Afro-Brazilian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Indigenous and other religious communities, as well as a substantial population reporting no religion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panorama do Censo Demográfico 2022 – Religião |url=https://www.ibge.gov.br/panorama/indicadores.html |website=Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

== Education ==

Education in Brazil is provided through public and private institutions at primary, secondary and higher levels. Responsibility is divided among the federal government, states, Federal District and municipalities.

The country has a large university system that includes federal, state, municipal and private institutions. Major public universities include the [[University of São Paulo]], [[Federal University of Rio de Janeiro]], [[Federal University of Minas Gerais]], [[University of Brasília]] and many other institutions spread across the states.

Access to schooling has expanded greatly over recent decades, although educational quality and outcomes vary by income, region and other social factors.

== Health ==

Brazil operates the [[Sistema Único de Saúde]] (SUS), a constitutionally established public health system intended to provide universal access to health services. Public provision exists alongside a large private healthcare and insurance sector.

Health conditions vary substantially among regions and socioeconomic groups. Public-health priorities include primary care, vaccination, maternal and child health, infectious-disease control, chronic diseases and improvement of access to specialized treatment.

== Culture ==

Brazilian culture reflects Indigenous, African, European and later immigrant influences, with significant differences between regions.

Music is one of the country's most internationally recognized cultural forms. Brazilian traditions include [[samba]], [[bossa nova]], ''choro'', ''forró'', ''frevo'', ''sertanejo'', ''MPB'' and many regional styles. UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity includes Brazilian practices such as the Samba de Roda of Bahia, the Capoeira circle, Frevo and the Bumba-meu-boi cultural complex of Maranhão.<ref name="unescoich">{{Cite web |title=Brazil – Intangible Cultural Heritage |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/brazil-BR |website=UNESCO |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Carnival celebrations take place across the country and differ considerably by region. Rio de Janeiro is known for its samba-school parades, while Salvador is associated with large street celebrations and Recife and Olinda are strongly connected with frevo and other northeastern traditions.

Brazilian literature includes writers such as [[Machado de Assis]], [[Jorge Amado]], [[Clarice Lispector]], [[João Guimarães Rosa]] and many others. Brazilian cinema, television, theatre, visual art and architecture also have substantial national and international audiences.

Brasília is particularly associated with twentieth-century modernist architecture. Its urban plan and principal public buildings contributed to its inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage property in 1987.<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Brazil |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/br |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> As of 2026, UNESCO listed 26 World Heritage properties in Brazil.<ref name="unesco" />

=== Cuisine ===

Brazilian cuisine varies by region and reflects the country's geographic and cultural diversity. Rice and beans are common everyday foods. Well-known dishes and foods include ''feijoada'', ''moqueca'', ''acarajé'', ''pão de queijo'', ''churrasco'', ''brigadeiro'' and numerous preparations based on cassava.

Regional cuisines use ingredients such as manioc, maize, seafood, tropical fruits, palm oil, beef, beans and local Amazonian plants and fish. UNESCO added traditional methods of making artisan Minas cheese in [[Minas Gerais]] to its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2024.<ref name="unescoich" />

== Sports ==

[[Association football]] is the country's most widely recognized sport and occupies an important place in Brazilian popular culture. The Brazil men's national team has won the [[FIFA World Cup]] five times, in 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. It remains the only men's national team to have participated in every edition of the tournament through 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brasil na Copa do Mundo da FIFA: perfil e histórico da seleção |url=https://www.fifa.com/pt/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/articles/brasil-copa-mundo-perfil-historia |website=FIFA |date=3 June 2026 |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref> Brazil reached the round of 16 at the 2026 World Cup before being eliminated by Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cup 2026 match schedule, fixtures and results |url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicosa2026/articles/match-schedule-fixtures-results-teams-stadiums |website=FIFA |access-date=26 September 2026}}</ref>

Other popular sports include volleyball, basketball, motorsport, mixed martial arts, surfing, swimming, athletics and martial arts. Brazil hosted the [[1950 FIFA World Cup]], [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] and the [[2016 Summer Olympics]] in Rio de Janeiro.

== World Heritage and tourism ==

Brazil's tourism is based on natural landscapes, beaches, historic cities, biodiversity and major urban centres. Important destinations include Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Salvador, São Paulo, the Amazon region, [[Iguaçu Falls]], the Pantanal and colonial towns in Minas Gerais.

UNESCO-listed properties include Brasília, the historic centres of Salvador, São Luís, Olinda and Goiás, the historic town of Ouro Preto, protected areas of the Atlantic Forest and Amazon, and other cultural and natural sites.<ref name="unesco" />

== See also ==

* [[History of Brazil]]
* [[Geography of Brazil]]
* [[States of Brazil]]
* [[Economy of Brazil]]
* [[Culture of Brazil]]
* [[Demographics of Brazil]]
* [[Amazon rainforest]]
* [[South America]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.gov.br/ Government of Brazil]
* [https://www.ibge.gov.br/ Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics]
* [https://www.gov.br/mre/en Ministry of Foreign Affairs]
* [https://www2.camara.leg.br/ Chamber of Deputies]
* [https://www12.senado.leg.br/ Federal Senate]

[[Category:Brazil]]
[[Category:Countries in South America]]
[[Category:Federal republics]]
[[Category:Portuguese-speaking countries and territories]]
[[Category:Member states of the United Nations]]
[[Category:Member states of Mercosur]]
[[Category:G20 members]]

Brazil - Revision history

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HumptyDumpty: updated

HumptyDumpty: Creating Draft:Brazil

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